How Perspectives of Field Arborists and Tree Climbers are Useful for Understanding and Managing Urban Forests

Adrina Bardekjian, Toronto. 
24 March 2016

Many voices. Greener cities. Better cities.

When there is a storm, trees can cause damage to homes, cars, and people—ultimately, the tree itself is a casualty of a storm.

The key to knowledge exchange is first to respect all actors for the individual roles they play in our urban fabric.

At these moments, generally, the public perceives arborists as the heroes of storms—arborists remove the “problem” from their properties. But at most other times during the year, when people see an arborist pruning or removing a tree, they perceive them negatively.

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Photo: Julian Ambrosii

Throughout my doctoral research (2015), several narratives emerged from interviews conducted with field arborists and climbers across Southern Ontario, Canada—one of those stories was that public perception of arborists seems to change with the seasons or variances in weather. The arborists I interviewed considered themselves to be environmentalists and nurturers of the urban forest—general public opinion often contrasted this image with stereotypes that arborists mainly perform removals, or harm trees.

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Photo: Adrina Bardekjian

Don Blair’s poem about the Oak men and Euc men (1993) comes to mind.

Oak is Oak and Euc is Euc and if the twain should meet;
although the work is better now, a Euc Man’s hard to beat.
The Oak Man tries to reason sense…The Euc Man’s more direct.
Make a cut too close these days, it’s a flush cut you’ll regret.

My interviewees raised the issue that they can be either glorified or vilified, depending on the season and whether there is a storm involved. When the public perceived them negatively, participants felt undervalued given their integral role in urban forest management and maintenance; this story is latent with power dynamics. As one participant noted, “We can do so much damage” (not just to trees, but to ourselves). Field arborists and climbers hold the power to physically shape the urban forest canopy of the future. Their awareness of their position and, often, the modesty with which they perform their roles, has earned my utmost respect.

One interesting story revolved around the notion that nature has its own agency and trees should be valued as living organisms for their own merits, not solely for the services they provide to humans. This was particularly true for large trees. One of my interviewees asserted: “You don’t really know how big a tree is until it’s lying on the ground, vulnerable, exposed and, at that point, dead. Then you truly appreciate its majesty even if you don’t understand its worth.” There is an interesting paradox in the conceptions of the public between the veneration and appreciation of large, older, heritage trees, and the lack of attention for smaller seedlings.

Within the subject of agency, participants included stories about decay and defenses and how vulnerability is a factor in preservation and management efforts. Climbers and grounds crews continually negotiate their positions according to the size and species with which they are working on a given day. Species type made a difference in some participants’ feelings towards their work. Specifically, Oaks and Maples were often regarded as good trees to climb, whereas Honey locusts and willows were not.

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Photo: Julian Ambrosii

Lastly, the notion of control is enmeshed and often hidden in arborists’ experiences. Most arborists take pride in caring for trees as living organisms. Arborists do not fell trees needlessly; they manipulate trees carefully and knowledgeably. Arborists spend time with trees, touch trees, shape and construct trees; how these decisions are made is fundamentally based on understanding the variability of nature’s agency while simultaneously contending with the lack of a decision-making model that results from this variability.

Other stories revolved around language constructions; labour equality and gender issues; the material reality of nature’s agency; and the impact of educational inconsistencies (Bardekjian, 2015). Considering the perspectives of field arborists and tree climbers is useful for understanding tree growth and long-term sustainability for urban forests.

The key to knowledge exchange is first to respect all actors for the individual roles they play in our urban fabric; to keep an open mind and actively listen to one another; and, finally, to keep the lines of communication open through as many avenues and tools as possible (e.g. conferences, workshops, listservs, open-access resources, discussion forums, formal and informal education, community events). Examples of formal networks at our national level include the Canadian chapters of the International Society of Arboriculture and the Canadian Urban Forest Network. I would like to see more dialogue between these two groups of membership. A transdisciplinary approach that focuses on problem-based research and better integrating formal curriculum with critical social issues can help with exchanging knowledge (see here for a recent blog, “The Social Side of Things). In addition, alternative models of sharing knowledge and stories through media platforms and artistic interventions can challenge our own biases and enable us to envision better collaboration between the different groups.

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Photo: Adrina Bardekjian

Furthermore, I have always valued centres such as the Humber Arboretum & Centre for Urban Ecology for their work with surrounding communities, students, and public engagement; thus, the creation of provincial arboreta with learning or education centres is something that I’ve felt to be necessary in Canada—this could include programs featuring provincial trees coupled with stories of regional histories (e.g. social, ecological, aboriginal, political, economic). The location of such centres can be in conjunction with research or educational institutions, in collaboration with environmental non-government organizations and municipal partnerships. As the first line of inquiry and care, arborists are community educators on the ground and in the treetops and have a wealth of knowledge to share.

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Photo: Julian Ambrosii

I had the privilege of working on a short film during my doctoral work called “Limbwalkers.” What I learned from this experience is that capturing stories of participating arborists on film was invaluable for communicating specific narratives to the public—in this case, a snapshot into climbers’ insights about a variety of topics. I’m hoping to secure funding to continue a series of micro-docs from the footage we have compiled over the years, which is currently sitting in post processing.

When talking about agency and considering the place and influence of non-human nature in our physical environment, artistic interventions can be powerful. For example, likening a dead tree (or one in the process of removal) to the art installation by Su-chen Hung, called “Tree with Arteries”, can evoke a visceral reaction—towards trees, towards workers. It invokes questions about vulnerability, affect, and agency.

TREE WITH ARTERIES, Su-chen Hung, GOING GREEN: New Environmental Art Taiwan, 2010. Image: http://wead.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com
TREE WITH ARTERIES, Su-chen Hung, GOING GREEN: New Environmental Art Taiwan, 2010. Image: http://wead.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com

It also goes back to the quote above regarding the perception of large trees and understanding their presence and grandeur only after they are lying on the ground. However, it’s important to keep in mind that this is also an abstraction and can sensationalize the issue at hand, while also propagating negative feelings about workers as discussed above.

My interest in urban forestry revolves around stories—people, trees, and the places each inhabit. I’m particularly interested in the notion of familiarity and how that stirs affect and motivates action. I am also interested in the connections between greenspaces and public health, particularly mental health. As such, I’m interested in continuing to contribute to the discourses of urban forestry and arboriculture by sharing social narratives that came out of my doctoral research through various methods, and by conducting new research with interested collaborators. It is important to me to share the stories of my participants because they raise significant issues in the fields of urban forestry and arboriculture that are rarely discussed.

Like my participants, I want to see the trade of arboriculture and the provision of tree services move from voluntary to mandatory licensing under the College of Trades and Ministry of Labour. This will take time and more discussion to balance disparate needs and interests. There is a strong feeling that mandatory certification towards a Red Seal‎ Trade will encourage proper urban forest maintenance as well as garner public respect for the profession.

Lastly, I would like to inspire interest in younger generations to see arboriculture and urban forestry as a career they will want to pursue. I hope to see more efforts for collaborative and inclusive education, such as the partnership between Sir Sandford Fleming College and the University of New Brunswick and more formal urban forestry programs such as the Bachelor in Urban Forestry at the University of British Columbia.

Adrina Bardekjian
Montreal and Toronto

On The Nature of Cities

Further reading and resources

Bardekjian, A. (2015). Towards social arboriculture: Arborists’ perspectives on urban forest labour in Southern Ontario, Canada. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening: DOI: 10.1016/j.ufug.2015.10.014.

Bardekjian, A. (2015). Learning from Limbwalkers: Arborists’ stories in Southern Ontario’s urban forests (doctoral dissertation). York University, Toronto.

Sandberg, L. A., Bardekjian, A, & Butt, S. (Eds.). (2014). Urban forests, trees and greenspace: A political ecology perspective. Routledge: London.

Selected publications are posted on my website under the “writing” tab.

Adrina Bardekjian

About the Writer:
Adrina Bardekjian

Dr. Adrina C. Bardekjian is an urban forestry researcher, writer, educator and public speaker. She works with Tree Canada as Manager of Urban Forestry and Research Development. Her current academic research examines women's roles, experiences and gender equity in arboriculture and urban forestry. She is also an Adjunct Professor with Forestry at the University of Toronto.

Adrina Bardekjian

Adrina Bardekjian

Dr. Adrina C. Bardekjian is an urban forestry researcher, writer and educator, and has contributed to urban forestry for over 15 years. She received her PhD from York University, and completed her Postdoctoral research with the University of British Columbia; her academic research focuses on the social aspects of arboriculture and urban forestry, specifically arborist perspectives towards identity and labour, and women’s participation, leadership and gender equity. Dr. Bardekjian has a number of publications and is one of the editors the book, Urban Forests, Trees and Greenspace: A Political Ecology Perspective (2014). She has produced short films to communicate her research to wide audiences including the most recent, Women Branching Out (2018). She remains an active Board member of the Toronto Cancer Prevention Coalition, the Curriculum Review Committee for the Urban Forestry Technician Program at Fleming College, and the Editorial Review Committee for the Society of Municipal Arborists, City Trees publication. Dr. Bardekjian is the recipient of several awards including the Society of Municipal Arborists Award of Achievement (2018) and the International Society of Arboriculture’s Honourary Membership Award (2016). In her role with Tree Canada, Dr. Bardekjian directs the Engagement and Research unit, which includes the Canadian Urban Forest Network, Strategy, and national Conference, and leads the development of various research projects and strategic initiatives with diverse partners. She is also an Adjunct Professor with Forestry at the University of Toronto.

16 thoughts on “How Perspectives of Field Arborists and Tree Climbers are Useful for Understanding and Managing Urban Forests

  1. The exploration of familiarity and the impact it has on mental health is particularly interesting. I especially appreciate the focus on public respect for the profession and the discussion around the licensing under the Ministry of Labour. Something that I have found to bring considerable value to the field is the integration of flexible teaching strategies into the educational curriculum. This enables students to connect with the material more personally. Additionally, hosting community events and open debate sessions on urban forestry may be useful to help bring awareness to the discipline.

  2. There is a significant difference between qualified arborists and people who cut trees for a living. If you want to protect a tree, you must hire a professional.

  3. the care and management of single trees and tree populations in urban settings for the purpose of improving the urban environment. … Urban foresters plant and maintain trees, support appropriate tree and forest preservation, conduct research and promote the many benefits trees provide.

  4. Urban forestry involves both planning and management, including the programming of care and maintenance operations of the urban forest.[1] Urban forestry advocates the role of trees as a critical part of the urban infrastructure. Urban foresters plant and maintain trees, support appropriate tree and forest preservation, conduct research and promote the many benefits trees provide. Urban forestry is practiced by municipal and commercial arborists, municipal and utility foresters, environmental policymakers, city planners, consultants, educators, researchers and community activists.

  5. There is a big difference between qualified arborists and people going around just cutting trees for a living. If you have the best interest of a tree at heart you have to make sure you hire a professional

  6. Trees are beautiful, but–you’re right–they’re more dangerous than most of us might understand. So glad this article is on the internet. Good work!

  7. I agree w/ the common misconception about arborists. They play a big role in shaping our trees, even forests. I’m also hoping for more people to consider arbor-culture as a career.

  8. Hello Adrina, excellent article, good points and well stated. It is unfortunate that I was distracted by several climbing safety infractions represented in the pictures. While this may seem trivial or even petty, this is part of a bigger issue. Perception of our industry as professional is a uphill battle and one that a small, loyal (and stubborn) portion of the industry fight often.

  9. Fantastic. I feel like this articulates very clearly how I feel in the industry. When is “limbwalkers” coming out? Id love to see it

  10. Your article is most thoughtful by presenting the climbers’ perspective. Inserting a portion of Don Blair’s poem demonstrates that our work involves both science and art. We must adjust our approach in recognition of the tree species, site and environmental conditions.

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