{"id":29596,"date":"2018-09-01T03:00:42","date_gmt":"2018-09-01T07:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/?p=29596"},"modified":"2019-09-11T02:10:31","modified_gmt":"2019-09-11T06:10:31","slug":"hearing-future-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/2018\/09\/01\/hearing-future-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Hearing from the Future of Cities"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>\u201cWhat I like about this landscape is that it&#8217;s not painted\u2026.I can move around into it and feel it. I think about all the things I can find there. But, after I leave this picture, something always changes, and I do too.&#8221; \u2014Gabriela Villate, 7 years old.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29597\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29597\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29597\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/image001-420x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29597\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;This is my drawing. I watch as the mountains come up close and then move back.&#8221; Photo: Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>People see a <strong>face <\/strong>in the landscape, one which is directly related to their daily lives, to their well-being and to their sense of belonging to a place. This is the idea of the landscape as a &#8220;face, or geographical form of space&#8221; (Fernandez-Rodriguez, 2007).<\/p>\n<p>What happens when we \u201cfreeze\u201d the landscape on pieces of paper? To find the answer, for the past eight years our foundation, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cerrosdebogota.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1<\/a>,<\/em> has been inviting children from Bogota and the surrounding region to paper our walls with their landscape drawings. (Bogot\u00e1 is a humid tropical city located at 8,700 feet above sea level, on a highland plateau in the eastern range of the Andes.)<\/p>\n<p>Last year alone, children from diverse backgrounds sent us more than 2,000 drawings of Bogot\u00e1&#8217;s mountains and their surroundings.\u00a0Some of the drawings are included in this essay, but you can see many of them in the video below.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote>In pondering all of these children&#8217;s drawings and listening to their stories about their interests, we began to realize that these children would be our greatest allies in bringing about the changes we have been dreaming about.<\/blockquote><\/figure>Their drawings interpret the landscape from a multitude of perspectives, including the aesthetic, the spontaneous, the experiential, the critical and the residential. They reveal how the landscape plays a permanent role in forming children&#8217;s awareness of their habitat, how it lends meaning to their world while acting as a mirror of their psychological states of well-being or despair, serenity or anxiety, safety or danger, happiness or sadness. Through these drawings it is clear that the landscape possesses intangible values that influences everything from a city dweller&#8217;s sense of self-identity to their cultural expression (Zuluaga, 2015).<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"dibujos nombres\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-HYJ7EBtxfw?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29598\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29598\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29598 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/image003-894x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"378\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29598\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mountains are not the limit because we live on the other side. Everything occurs both sides. Drawing by Eloisa Murillo. Photo: Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Why should children&#8217;s drawings be taken into account when making decisions about the city&#8217;s future? \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Children&#8217;s landscape drawings often include members of their immediate circle: teachers, parents, friends, classmates; which means that a child&#8217;s representation of the landscape can go beyond being just a simple portrait of a piece a land. It can also include \u201cthe formal representation of emotional relationships among individuals and societies&#8230;shaped by social, economic, environmental and cultural factors\u201d (European Landscape Convention, 2000).<\/p>\n<p>It is \u201c<em>any part of a territory perceived by the local population, the character of which is the outcome of actions and interactions produced by natural and\/or human factors<\/em>\u201d (European Landscape Convention, 2000).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29599\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29599\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29599 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/image005-747x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"453\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29599\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Miguel Reales, 4 years old, Category: Hummingbirds, Claustro Moderno School. There is water both above and below the landscape. Adults tend not to see all the water, which in fact that involves everything. Photo: Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Over the course of many years,\u00a0<em>Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1 <\/em>has advocated for a comprehensive plan by which to guide the development of the city&#8217;s mountain border. This plan is based upon community participation, and emphasizes biodiversity as the most important structural component in a socio-ecological pact that links neighboring communities throughout the mountainous corridor. The concept of such a socio-ecological system encompasses a comprehensive perspective of the ecosystem, including the cultural component. Therefore, when the social value of an ecosystem is measured, humankind&#8217;s perspective and participation in it must be included.<\/p>\n<p>However, to date, our efforts have only slightly influenced public decision-making, due to the fact that the mountains&#8217; cultural and environmental importance barely registers among local politicians. Such is the case, even though a November, 2013 Colombian Council of State ruling decreed &#8220;that unoccupied areas\u00a0\u00a0 surrounding building sites are to be given priority use as ecological public spaces to compensate the residents of Bogot\u00e1 for any ecological damage that may have occurred on said building sites, thereby guaranteeing the public right to recreation.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Because city governance is highly complex and involves a wide variety of actors, each of whom has specific political interests, and because local public policies are generally executed at a sluggish pace, the city&#8217;s mountain border, with its enormous potential to improve residents&#8217; daily lives, remains widely overlooked.<\/p>\n<p>So, in pondering all of these children&#8217;s drawings and listening to their stories about their interests, we began to realize that these children would be our greatest allies in bringing about the changes for the city we have been dreaming about.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29600\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29600\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29600 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/image007-840x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"403\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29600\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u201cI was dreaming that my school have the mountain for play and grow.&#8221; Conversations from childrens&#8217; meetings. Photo: Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Because Bogot\u00e1&#8217;s eastern mountain range is so vital to the city&#8217;s environmental, social, and cultural development, the Colombian Council of State, in a 2013 ruling, ordered a number of public institutions to carry out programs that would compensate the city&#8217;s inhabitants for the years of ecological damage that has been done to the city&#8217;s mountainous border.<\/p>\n<p>In the frame of a proposal made by this author: \u201cThe Eastern Mountain Ecological Corridor&#8221;, also known as the \u201cCity Border Pact\u201d (see <strong>Note <\/strong>below), recognizes that the city&#8217;s incomparable eastern mountain border must be protected through civic agreements that will ensure biophysical restoration and the public&#8217;s right of use and recreation within the designated Green Belt.<\/p>\n<p>This Pact involves three major strategies: the social, the biophysical and the spatial, all of which are based upon regenerative planning and social inclusion. The Pact&#8217;s overall aim is to restore the area&#8217;s biodiversity while at the same time ensuring that the local community participates in territorial appropriation for the benefit of the entire region. This project was created in an effort to halt the ecological degradation and fragmentation of the city&#8217;s eastern mountain range; to this end, it has established guidelines, objectives, regulations and designs for the development of the mountain socio-ecological corridor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29601\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29601\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29601\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/image009-840x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"403\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29601\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landscape of Bogot\u00e1, began with the color of the sunset. Photo: Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>We began to understand that effective change could only be brought about by forging a long-term pact with the actors and neighbors who live in and around the city\u00b4s mountain range; and that this pact that would also have to actively include the area\u00b4s children and young people both in and out of their schools.<\/p>\n<p>Approximately 74 private and public schools and 13 university campuses are located along the 36-mile Bogota mountain border. Some of these educational facilities can occupy up to 150 acres of private property. On the basis of this data, it was clear that the more than 11,600 mountain school students, as well as other students from elsewhere in the city, would have to play a major role in protecting this ecological corridor.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29605\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29605\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29605\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/from-the-exhibit-746x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29605\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Landscape books for children, at the Escuela El Manantial, 2018. Photo: Elizabeth Barragan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>The future of Bogota and its mountains depends upon local children becoming eco-citizens and agents of change <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In order to provide greater scope to the annual exhibit of children&#8217;s drawings and narratives that fill our Foundation&#8217;s headquarters every year, we decided to set up a Bogota Mountain Schools Network. This strategy includes Bogota schools in the management of the city&#8217;s mountain range. Students are encouraged to hone their knowledge of ecological sustainability through the study of local geography and environmental resource management.<\/p>\n<p>We can talk about eco-representatives: children as eco-civic citizens and managers of change in the future of the landscape and biodiversity at the region of Bogot\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why have we called upon students to become eco-representatives?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Children&#8217;s landscape drawings provide an unassuming means for them to express themselves. During the past eight years, as we have collected thousands of such drawings, local politicians have produced few, if any, tangible programs to protect Bogota&#8217;s Mountain Reserve. Therefore, we founded a transversal education task force, The Bogot\u00e1 Mountain Schools Network, to focus on promoting eco-education as the basis for long-term nature conservation.\u00a0<span class=\"s1\">This task force now includes, in addition to the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cerrosdebogota.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"s2\"><i>Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1<\/i><\/span><\/a>, Opepa, the\u00a0<i>Gimnasio Femenino<\/i>\u00a0(a private campus on the mountain border), and other partners: the Bogota Botanical Garden and the Instituto Humboldt.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The individuals who guide these institutions, with their tireless commitment in time and energy, have made it possible for us to reach a number of our goals.<\/p>\n<p>The Bogot\u00e1 Mountain Schools Network gives private and public school children the chance to participate in important environmental initiatives that will affect their surroundings in the future.<\/p>\n<p>Our task force has invited a number of children from diverse backgrounds to attend our meetings where they are designated as \u201c<em>important urban naturalists<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29629\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29629\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29629 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/School2-1303x560.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"260\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29629\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meeting of Important Urban Naturalists sponsored by the Bogota Mountain Schools Network and held at the facilities of the Institute Humboldt for children from \u201cRedcerros&#8221; (www.redcerros.org)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Meeting of <em>Important Urban Naturalists<\/em> sponsored by the Bogot\u00e1 Mountain Schools Network and held at the facilities of the <em>Instituto Humboldt.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;My father told me that when he was a student, the school had to take everybody to visit the Sumapaz Paramo, or some other place high up in the nearby mountains&#8221;\u2014the Sumapaz Paramo, or high mountain meadow lands, is a rural area within Bogota&#8217;s city limits; at 44,000 acres, it is the largest paramo in the world\u2014&#8221;but, nowadays, kids don&#8217;t know very much about local geography. These drawings show how students who walk to school at the foot of the mountains see them, as well as how students who live far away are only able to see the mountains&#8217; profile at the edge of the city.&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29602\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29602\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29602\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/image011.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"453\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29602\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drawing by Sara Carbonell, an 8 year old who lives inside the city. In her drawing, the city and the mountains are clearly divided. Photo: Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_29603\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29603\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-29603\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/image013.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"604\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/image013.jpg 704w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/image013-100x74.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-29603\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drawing by Alanis Murillo, a 4 year old who lives at the foot of the mountains. In her drawing, life goes on non-stop. Photo: Fundaci\u00f3n Cerros de Bogot\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Getting children involved in activities and decision-making within their own surroundings contributes to their tapestry of relationships and nurtures better citizens capable of transforming the cities they live in. The jointly-sponsored process we have described recognizes children&#8217;s perceptivity of their surroundings as well as their relationships with neighbors; it aims to transform consumer habits by making them more eco-friendly; and, in the long-term, it aims to influence public policy, education and child-rearing. Moving beyond being mere representatives of an ideal or of being critics of the current situation to being active participants among residents in micro-territories will hopefully serve to unite every Bogot\u00e1 neighborhood in creating a more equitable urban environment, where nature&#8217;s spirit will reside in every home.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>The landscape of the future is child&#8217;s play.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Diana Wiesner<\/strong><br \/>\nBogot\u00e1<\/p>\n<p>Translated by Steven William Bayless<\/p>\n<p><strong>References:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Carmen Fernandez-Rodriguez. 2007.\u00a0<em>Landscape Protection<\/em>, IN <em>A Study of Comparative Spanish Law<\/em>. Madrid, Editorial Marcial Pons y Ediciones Jur\u00eddicas y Sociales, p. 58.<\/p>\n<p>European Landscape Convention.\u00a02000. Article 1, Sec. from Florence, Italy, October 20.<\/p>\n<p>Fernandez-Rodriguez,Carmen.\u00a02007. Landscape Protection, from A Study of Comparative Spanish Law. Madrid, Editorial Marcial Pons y Ediciones Jur\u00eddicas y Sociales, p. 58.<\/p>\n<p>Zuluaga, Diana Carolina.\u00a02015. The Right to the Landscape in Colombia, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Bogot\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Note<\/strong>: &#8220;The Eastern Mountain Ecological Corridor&#8221;, also known as the City Border Pact, recognizes that the city&#8217;s incomparable\u00a0eastern mountain border must be protected through civic agreements that will ensure biophysical restoration and the public&#8217;s right of use and recreation within the designated Green Belt. This Pact involves three major strategies: the social, the biophysical and the spatial, all of which are based upon regenerative planning and social inclusion. The Pact&#8217;s overall aim is to restore the area&#8217;s biodiversity while at the same time ensuring that the local community participates in territorial appropriation for the benefit of the entire region. This project was created in an effort to halt the ecological degradation and fragmentation of the city&#8217;s eastern mountain range; to this end, it has established guidelines, objectives, regulations and designs for the development of the Mountain Recreational and Ecological Corridor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cWhat I like about this landscape is that it&#8217;s not painted\u2026.I can move around into it and feel it. I think about all the things I can find there. But, after I leave this picture, something always changes, and I do too.&#8221; \u2014Gabriela Villate, 7 years old. People see a face in the landscape, one [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":148,"featured_media":29603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[300,273,1030,298,299,1029],"tags":[44,184,557,405,65,27,53],"coauthors":[269],"class_list":["post-29596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essay-art-and-awareness","category-essay","category-friec","category-essay-people-and-communitites","category-essay-place-and-design","category-stories","tag-art","tag-children","tag-landscape","tag-participationdemocracy","tag-policy","tag-south-america","tag-stewardship"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/148"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29596"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29596\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29596"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=29596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}