{"id":46717,"date":"2021-05-22T02:00:22","date_gmt":"2021-05-22T06:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/?p=46717"},"modified":"2021-05-22T08:30:49","modified_gmt":"2021-05-22T12:30:49","slug":"financer-des-villes-plus-vertes-pour-lavenir-que-nous-voulons-financing-greener-cities-for-the-future-we-want","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/2021\/05\/22\/financer-des-villes-plus-vertes-pour-lavenir-que-nous-voulons-financing-greener-cities-for-the-future-we-want\/","title":{"rendered":"Financer des villes plus vertes pour l&#8217;avenir que nous voulons <BR>Financing Greener Cities for the Future We Want"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a name=\"FR\"><\/a><a href=\"#ENG\">(Read this in English.)<\/a><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote>\u00c0 l&#8217;occasion de la Journ\u00e9e internationale de la biodiversit\u00e9, le Centre pour la biodiversit\u00e9 des villes de l&#8217;ICLEI, le projet de soutien de l&#8217;UE au Cadre pour la biodiversit\u00e9 post 2020 et The Nature Of Cities (TNOC) mettent en lumi\u00e8re la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de faire de la nature une partie de la solution pour des villes plus vertes. <\/blockquote><\/figure><strong>Pour des infrastructures respectueuses de la nature<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le monde s&#8217;urbanise rapidement, exposant nos ressources naturelles \u00e0 une pression croissante pour r\u00e9pondre aux demandes en infrastructures, terres, eau, nourriture et autres besoins vitaux. Selon le d\u00e9partement des affaires \u00e9conomiques et sociales des Nations unies (UN DESA), 55 % de la population mondiale vivait dans des zones urbaines en 2018 et cette proportion devrait atteindre 68 % en 2050. Le Rapport Plan\u00e8te Vivante 2020 du WWF indique que l&#8217;urbanisation est une des principales causes de destruction et d\u00e9gradation de la nature et que le monde surexploite actuellement les ressources naturelles \u00e0 un rythme sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. L&#8217;indice Plan\u00e8te vivante 2020 indiqueune chute moyenne de 68 % des populations surveill\u00e9es de mammif\u00e8res, d&#8217;oiseaux, d&#8217;amphibiens, de reptiles et de poissons entre 1970 et 2016. Ces tendances d\u00e9mographiques des esp\u00e8ces constituent un indicateur important de mesure de la sant\u00e9 globale des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><a href=\"#ENG\">Read this essay in English.<\/a><\/blockquote><\/figure>Les infrastructures sont essentielles \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation des Objectifs du D\u00e9veloppement Durable (ODD). A l&#8217;\u00e9chelle mondiale, nous construisons l&#8217;\u00e9quivalent &#8220;d&#8217;un Paris par semaine&#8221; (Anderson, 2020) en nouvelles structures pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 notre demande d&#8217;infrastructures. R\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ce besoin d&#8217;infrastructures a des cons\u00e9quences consid\u00e9rables sur les ressources naturelles. Il nous faut doncint\u00e9grer la nature dans la conception des infrastructures afin de minimiser leur impact n\u00e9gatif et les rendre b\u00e9n\u00e9fiques pour la nature. R\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces demandes croissantes tout en prot\u00e9geant la biodiversit\u00e9, met \u00e0 rude \u00e9preuve les ressources financi\u00e8res, tant au niveau national que local.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46698\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46698\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/?attachment_id=46698\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-46698\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46698\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post.png\" alt=\"Infographic created by The Natue of Cities using source data.\" width=\"604\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post.png 1080w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-560x560.png 560w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46698\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Infographie cr\u00e9\u00e9e par The Nature of Cities \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es sources.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><a href=\"https:\/\/lanaturedesvilles.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/TNOC_FRANCOPHONE_trousse.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cet essai fait partie du projet francophone du TNOC.<\/a><\/blockquote><\/figure>Le rapport de l&#8217;\u00e9tude intitul\u00e9e &#8220;The Cost of Policy Inaction \u2014 the case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target&#8221; (Le co\u00fbt de l&#8217;inaction politique \u2014 Le cas de la non-r\u00e9alisation de l&#8217;objectif de 2010 en mati\u00e8re de biodiversit\u00e9), command\u00e9e par la Commission europ\u00e9enne au cours de la derni\u00e8re d\u00e9cennie, s&#8217;est pench\u00e9 sur la valeur mon\u00e9taire de la perte de biodiversit\u00e9 dans le monde caus\u00e9 par la non-r\u00e9alisation de l&#8217;objectif 2010 en mati\u00e8re de biodiversit\u00e9. Il a prudemment estim\u00e9 que la perte de services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques et de biodiversit\u00e9 s\u2019\u00e9value\u00e0 environ 740 milliards USD par an et que si la perte de biodiversit\u00e9 se poursuit au rythme pr\u00e9vu, le co\u00fbt cumul\u00e9 des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques perdus depuis 2000 pourrait atteindre 20 000 milliards USD en 2050.\u00a0Le manque de financement est l&#8217;un des plus grands d\u00e9fis auxquels nous sommes confront\u00e9s pour lutter contre la perte de biodiversit\u00e9 et la d\u00e9gradation de la nature. Nous devons repenser fondamentalement notre relation avec la nature et transformer nos mod\u00e8les \u00e9conomiques et nos syst\u00e8mes de march\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>L&#8217;initiative de financement de la biodiversit\u00e9 (PNUD BIOFIN) estime que plus de 400 milliards de dollars US sont n\u00e9cessaires chaque ann\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger la biodiversit\u00e9. \u00a0Mais seule une fraction de cette somme est actuellement lev\u00e9e. Au niveau des gouvernements locaux, en particulier, les ressources financi\u00e8res sont principalement obtenues par des transferts de fonds intergouvernementaux, des subventions et des taxes. Or nombre d&#8217;entre eux ne sont pas viables \u00e0 long terme. Le financement de la biodiversit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 encore davantage mis \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9preuve par la pand\u00e9mie mondiale COVID-19 en cours (OCDE, 2020). Le rapport sur les risques 2021 du Forum \u00e9conomique mondial (WEF) classe la perte de biodiversit\u00e9, les maladies infectieuses et l&#8217;\u00e9chec de l&#8217;action climatique parmi les quatre principaux risques en termes d&#8217;impact dans le paysage mouvant des risques. La pand\u00e9mie en cours a des r\u00e9percussions humaines, sociales et \u00e9conomiques ind\u00e9niables et a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s inh\u00e9rentes \u00e0 nos syst\u00e8mes socio-\u00e9conomiques. Une enqu\u00eate men\u00e9e conjointement par l&#8217;OCDE et le Comit\u00e9 europ\u00e9en des r\u00e9gions (CdR) dans 24 pays de l&#8217;Union europ\u00e9enne indique que la plupart des administrations municipales s&#8217;attendent \u00e0 ce que la crise socio-\u00e9conomique li\u00e9e au COVID-19 ait un impact n\u00e9gatif sur leurs finances, avec un dangereux &#8220;effet ciseaux&#8221; de hausse des d\u00e9penses et de baisse des recettes. Cet &#8220;effet ciseaux&#8221; est v\u00e9cu de mani\u00e8re encore plus aigu\u00eb dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/p>\n<p>Le WEF admet que &#8220;si le COVID-19 et la nature sont li\u00e9s, la reprise devrait l&#8217;\u00eatre aussi&#8221;. Selon le rapport &#8220;Future of Nature and Business&#8221; du Forum \u00e9conomique mondial, des d\u00e9veloppements favorables \u00e0 la nature dans le domaine des infrastructures et dub\u00e2ti pourrait cr\u00e9er plus de 3 000 milliards de dollars d&#8217;opportunit\u00e9s commerciales et 117 millions d&#8217;emplois d&#8217;ici 2030. La cinqui\u00e8me \u00e9dition du Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO) a identifi\u00e9 les villes et les infrastructures durables comme l&#8217;une des huit voies de transition permettant de vivre en harmonie avec la nature et de r\u00e9aliser la Vision pour la Biodiversit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019horizon 2050 d\u00e9finie par la Convention pour la Diversit\u00e9 Biologique des Nations-Unies.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46699\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46699\" style=\"width: 560px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-46699\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-1-560x560.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-1-560x560.png 560w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-1-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-1.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46699\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Infographie cr\u00e9\u00e9e par The Natue of Cities \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es WEF. <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Plus r\u00e9cemment, le Dasgupta Review of the Economics of Biodiversity, publi\u00e9 en f\u00e9vrier de cette ann\u00e9e, a soulign\u00e9 que nos \u00e9conomies, nos moyens de subsistance et notre bien-\u00eatre d\u00e9pendent tous de notre bien le plus pr\u00e9cieux : la nature. &#8220;<em>La nature est plus qu&#8217;un bien \u00e9conomique : elle a aussi une valeur intrins\u00e8que. La biodiversit\u00e9 permet \u00e0 la nature d&#8217;\u00eatre productive, r\u00e9siliente et adaptable<\/em>.&#8221; affirme la publication. Selon cette revue, les estimations de notre impact global sur la Nature sugg\u00e8rent que nous aurions besoin de 1,6 Terre pour maintenir le niveau de vie actuel du monde. Il estime ensuiteque &#8220;<em>pour prot\u00e9ger 30% des terres et des oc\u00e9ans de la plan\u00e8te et g\u00e9rer efficacement ces zones d&#8217;ici 2030, il faudrait un investissement moyen de 140 milliards de dollars par an.<\/em>&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tnoc-festival.com\/wp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-46726 noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-46726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/tnoc_logo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/tnoc_logo.jpg 401w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/tnoc_logo-77x100.jpg 77w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/strong><strong>Amener la conversation au Festival TNOC <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alors que nous nous engageons sur la voie de la relance et de la re-conception des villes, il est crucial de le faire en reconnaissant les limites plan\u00e9taires, en envisageant \u00a0la nature comme \u00a0partie int\u00e9grante de la solution et en abordant les questions d&#8217;in\u00e9galit\u00e9 et d&#8217;injustice. Il est donc de plus en plus n\u00e9cessaire de mobiliser des ressources, tant pour r\u00e9pondre aux demandes urbaines, sociales et \u00e9conomiques, que pour garantir une gestion durable des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et des ressources naturelles dont d\u00e9pendent bon nombre de ces demandes. Il est commun\u00e9ment admis que la mobilisation des ressources fait partie int\u00e9grante de la r\u00e9alisation de nombreux objectifs mondiaux actuels, tels que le Cadre mondial pour la biodiversit\u00e9 post-2020, les objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable (ODD) et bien d&#8217;autres.<\/p>\n<p>Le Global City Biodiversity Center (CBC) d&#8217;ICLEI a plaid\u00e9 pour une mobilisation accrue des ressources et des investissements dans les infrastructures vertes et bleues, ainsi que pour la restauration des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques, \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9chelle de la ville et de la r\u00e9gion, dans le cadre de sa feuille de route pour la d\u00e9fense de la biodiversit\u00e9 en vue de la 15e Conf\u00e9rence des parties \u00e0 la Convention sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique. L&#8217;initiative <a href=\"https:\/\/www.citieswithnature.org\/\">Cities with Nature<\/a> s\u2019inscrit dans le cadre d&#8217;une collaboration entre ICLEI (au nom de la Global Taskforce of Local and Regional Governments), le Comit\u00e9 europ\u00e9en des r\u00e9gions, Regions for Sustainable Development, le Comit\u00e9 consultatif des gouvernements infranationaux (coordonn\u00e9 par Regions4 Sustainable Development et le gouvernement du Qu\u00e9bec), le Group of Leading Subnational Governments toward Aichi Biodiversity Targets et le gouvernement \u00e9cossais.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Red\u00e9finir notre avenir \u00e0 travers CitiesWithNature et RegionsWithNature\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qcXJ0pgO390?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Resource Mobilization Webinar - 31 March 2021\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GRLvwLCgaL4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Pour \u00e9largir le d\u00e9bat sur l&#8217;investissement dans un r\u00e9am\u00e9nagement des villes int\u00e9grant mieuxla nature et sanspr\u00e9judice net pour la biodiversit\u00e9, ICLEI a organis\u00e9 et accueilli une session virtuelle au TNOC Festival 2021. Le th\u00e8me de cette session, &#8220;Financer des villes plus vertes pour l&#8217;avenir que nous voulons&#8221;, \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement pertinent au regard des conclusions de l&#8217;\u00e9tude Dasgupta sur l&#8217;\u00e9conomie de la biodiversit\u00e9 publi\u00e9e en f\u00e9vrier 2021. Il est de plus en plus urgent d&#8217;engager les investisseurs et les administrateurs des villes sur le sujet de l&#8217;investissement, car les administrations municipales sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des pressions croissantes pour faire face \u00e0 la triple crise de la biodiversit\u00e9, du climat et de la sant\u00e9, alors que leurs sources de revenus diminuent de mani\u00e8re alarmante en raison des effets d&#8217;entra\u00eenement de la pand\u00e9mie en cours sur l&#8217;\u00e9conomie et le tissu social \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9chelle urbaine et nationale.<\/p>\n<p>La session &#8220;Financer des villes plus vertes pour l&#8217;avenir que nous voulons&#8221; a pris la forme d&#8217;une table ronde, qui a r\u00e9uni des experts financiers, des investisseurs et des repr\u00e9sentants des villes pour \u00e9changer des id\u00e9es sur les approches, produits et solutions de financement innovants auxquels les villes pourraient avoir acc\u00e8s pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer l&#8217;investissement et la transition vers des infrastructures vertes et bleues, une relance verte et des processus d\u2019achat verts, afin de restaurer les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes et leur contribution aux personnes et de prot\u00e9ger la biodiversit\u00e9. La session a donn\u00e9 l&#8217;occasion \u00e0 certaines villes du Sud, Campinas au Br\u00e9sil et Kochi en Inde, de pr\u00e9senter un concept de projet de leur ville respective au panel d&#8217;experts et d&#8217;explorer les possibilit\u00e9s de financement de la biodiversit\u00e9, l&#8217;assistance technique et les solutions innovantes.<\/p>\n<p>La session a \u00e9t\u00e9 mod\u00e9r\u00e9e par Mme Kimberley Pope, chef de projet et de communaut\u00e9, Nature Action Agenda, au Forum \u00e9conomique mondial, et le panel d&#8217;experts \u00e9tait compos\u00e9 de Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Audras, chef du d\u00e9partement D\u00e9veloppement urbain, planification et logement \u00e0 l&#8217;Agence fran\u00e7aise de d\u00e9veloppement (AFD) ; Alexander Wiese, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, co-responsable de l&#8217;Europe chez Bankers without Boundaries (BWB) ; et Aloke Barnwal, sp\u00e9cialiste principal du changement climatique, unit\u00e9 des programmes et coordinateur du Sustainable Cities Impact Program (SCIP) du Fonds pour l&#8217;environnement mondial (FEM). Les pr\u00e9sentations des villes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 faites par Gabriel Dias Mangolini Neves, ing\u00e9nieur en environnement au Secr\u00e9tariat de l&#8217;environnement et du d\u00e9veloppement durable de la ville de Campinas, et par le Dr C. Rajan, directeur du Centre pour le patrimoine, l&#8217;environnement et le d\u00e9veloppement (C-HED) de la municipalit\u00e9 de Kochi.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46712\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46712\" style=\"width: 839px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46712 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ecocity.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"839\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ecocity.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ecocity-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46712\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>Ville \u00e9cologique, l&#8217;une des nombreuses conceptions imaginatives de cet architecte parisien. <\/em><em>Image : Vincent Callibaut<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Le panel a abord\u00e9 les questions suivantes : les facteurs cl\u00e9sque les institutions de financement et les investisseurs recherchent lorsqu&#8217;ils examinent des projets. Les experts ont partag\u00e9 leurs id\u00e9es et \u00a0conseils sur les changements qui pourraient \u00eatre n\u00e9cessaires pour rendre l&#8217;offre des deux villes plus attrayantes du point de vue des investissements et du financement. Les experts ont \u00e9galement \u00e9chang\u00e9 des informations sur les m\u00e9canismes et les options de financement et d&#8217;investissement disponibles qui seraient les mieux adapt\u00e9s aux projets des deux villes. Une discussion a aussi eu lieu sur les facteurs cl\u00e9s de succ\u00e8s et les m\u00e9canismes de gestion des risques qui doivent \u00eatre en place pour que les investisseurs envisagent d&#8217;investir dans les projets. Enfin, les pan\u00e9listes et les experts des villes ont discut\u00e9 des moyens dont les villes ont besoin pour acc\u00e9der au financement et concevoir des solutions innovantes en mati\u00e8re de durabilit\u00e9. Ils ont \u00e9galement identifi\u00e9 certains des m\u00e9canismes et options disponibles pour aider les villes \u00e0 renforcer leurs capacit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>En conclusion, construire des villes plus vertes pour un avenir plus durable est possible, mais n\u00e9cessite une action et une r\u00e9orientation des investissements des secteurs public et priv\u00e9. Les villes, en particulier, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieront d&#8217;un environnement d&#8217;investissement favorable qui facilite l&#8217;acc\u00e8s aux m\u00e9canismes de financement et d&#8217;investissement et fournit des solutions de financement efficaces \u00e0 tous les niveaux. La mobilisation des ressources est une question politique cl\u00e9 dans les consultations et les n\u00e9gociations en cours sur le cadre mondial pour la biodiversit\u00e9 (GBF) post-2020. Elle faitpartie int\u00e9grante de la garantie de sa mise en \u0153uvre efficace. Un groupe d&#8217;experts a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 en vertu de la d\u00e9cision 14\/22 de la 14e Conf\u00e9rence des Parties (COP) \u00e0 la Convention sur la diversit\u00e9 biologique (CDB), afin d&#8217;explorer, d&#8217;examiner et de faire des recommandations sur divers <a href=\"https:\/\/4post2020bd.net\/resources\/instilling-biodiversity-into-budgets-and-financial-schemes-how-to-shift-towards-a-greener-system\/\">aspects de la mobilisation des ressources \u00e0 inclure dans le GBF post-2020<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Les rapports et recommandations du panel d&#8217;experts seront d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9s lors des sessions informelles et formelles de l&#8217;Organe Subsidiaire pour laMise en \u0153uvre (SBI). Les ambitions des villes et des r\u00e9gions concernant la mobilisation des ressources sont refl\u00e9t\u00e9es dans la <a href=\"https:\/\/4post2020bd.net\/resources\/dialogue-with-18-edinburgh-process\/\">D\u00e9claration d&#8217;\u00c9dimbourg sur le GBF post-2020<\/a>. Si nous pouvons mobiliser les ressources financi\u00e8res n\u00e9cessaires pour soutenir la transition vers un avenir plus vert qui favorise le d\u00e9veloppement de la nature dans les villes, nous cr\u00e9erons non seulement de nouvelles opportunit\u00e9s pour les entreprises et des emplois pour tous, mais nous renforcerons \u00e9galement le lien des villes avec la nature pour une plan\u00e8te plus durable, et pour l&#8217;avenir que nous voulons.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ingrid Coetzee et Elizabeth Chouraki\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\nCape Town et Paris<\/p>\n<p>On <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Nature of Cities<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-46711\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/logos_post2020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"729\" height=\"105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/logos_post2020.jpg 733w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/logos_post2020-100x14.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-46713\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-1200x467.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-1200x467.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-1400x545.png 1400w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-1536x597.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-2048x797.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-100x39.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cMobilizing Investors to Protect Climate, Land and Biodiversity &#8211; Summary of Three Key Events on Natural Capital Investing November 2019, and outlook 2020\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> OECD, 2020, The territorial impact of COVID-19: Managing the crisis across levels of government<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"ENG\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\">* * *<\/h3>\n<h3>Financing Greener Cities for the Future We Want<\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote>For the International Biodiversity Day, ICLEI Cities Biodiversity Center, the Post 2020 Biodiversity Framework \u2013 EU support project and The Nature Of Cities shine a light on the need to make nature part of the solution with greener cities.<\/blockquote><\/figure><strong>Building nature-positive infrastructure<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The world is rapidly urbanizing, putting our natural resources under increasing pressure to meet demands for infrastructure, land, water, food, and other crucial needs. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) 55% of the world\u2019s population lived in urban areas in 2018, and it predicted that this proportion would increase to 68% by 2050. The WWF 2020 Living Planet Report recorded that the urbanisation is one of the underlying trends driving the destruction and degradation of nature; and pointed out that the world is currently overusing natural resources at an unprecedented rate. The 2020 global Living Planet Index shows \u201can average 68% fall in monitored populations of mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles and fish between 1970 and 2016. Species\u2019 population trends are important because they are a measure of overall ecosystem health\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Infrastructure is central to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and globally we build the equivalent of &#8220;one Paris per week&#8221; (Anderson, 2020) in new structures to meet our demand for infrastructure. The natural resource implications of meeting this need for infrastructure is vast. We need to integrate nature into the design of infrastructure to minimize the negative impact of this infrastructure and make it nature positive. Meeting these increasing demands, while protecting biodiversity, places significant strain on financial resources at both national and local government levels.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><a href=\"#FR\">Lis cet essai en fran\u00e7ais.<\/a><\/blockquote><\/figure>The report on the study of \u201cThe Cost of Policy Inaction \u2014 the case of not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target\u201d, which was commissioned by the European Commission in the past decade, looked at the monetary value of biodiversity loss worldwide due to not meeting the 2010 biodiversity target. It conservatively estimated that the loss of ecosystem services and biodiversity is valued at around USD 740 billion per annum and if biodiversity continues to be lost at the projected rate, the accumulated cost of ecosystem services lost since 2000 could grow to US$20 trillion in the year 2050.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 560px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46698 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-560x560.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-560x560.png 560w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Infographic created by The Natue of Cities using source data.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><a href=\"https:\/\/lanaturedesvilles.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/TNOC_FRANCOPHONE_trousse.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This essay is part of the TNOC Francophone project.<\/a><\/blockquote><\/figure>The lack of finance is one of the greatest challenges we face to address the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of nature. We must fundamentally rethink our relationship with nature and transform our economic models and market systems.<\/p>\n<p>The Biodiversity Finance Initiative (UNDP BIOFIN) estimates that over US$400 billion is needed annually to protect biodiversity.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a> However, only a fraction of this is currently being mobilized. At the local government level, in particular, financial resources are predominantly obtained through intergovernmental transfer payments, grants, subsidies and taxes. Many of which are unsustainable over the long term. Funding for biodiversity has been further stressed under the current global COVID-19 pandemic (OECD, 2020). The World Economic Forum (WEF) 2021 Risk Report ranks biodiversity loss, infectious disease, and climate action failure among the top 4 risks by impact in the evolving risk landscape. The unfolding pandemic is having undeniable human, social and economic impacts, and has demonstrated the inherent vulnerability and inequalities of our socio-economic systems. A survey jointly conducted by the OECD and the European Committee of the Regions (CoR) in 24 European Union countries, indicates that most city governments expect the socio-economic crisis linked to COVID-19 to have a negative impact on their finances, with a dangerous &#8220;scissors effect&#8221; of rising expenditure and falling revenues.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> This &#8220;scissors effect&#8221; is felt even more acutely in developing nations.<\/p>\n<p>The WEF recognizes that, \u201cCOVID-19 and nature are linked, so should be the recovery\u201d. According to the World Economic Forum\u2019s Future of Nature and Business Report, a nature-positive pathway in the infrastructure and built environment could create over $3 trillion in business opportunities and create 117 million jobs by 2030. And the 5th Global Biodiversity Outlook (GBO) identified sustainable cities and infrastructure as one of 8 transition pathways to living in harmony with nature and to achieving the 2050 Biodiversity Vision.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46699\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46699\" style=\"width: 560px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-46699\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-1-560x560.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-1-560x560.png 560w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-1-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Orange-White-Soft-Gradients-Bar-Charts-Fashion-Lifestyle-Instagram-Post-1.png 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46699\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Infographic created by The Natue of Cities using WEF data.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>More recently, the Dasgupta Review of the Economics of Biodiversity, released in February this year, emphasized that our economies, livelihoods and well-being all depend on our most precious asset: Nature. &#8220;Nature is more than an economic good: it has intrinsic worth too. Biodiversity enables Nature to be productive, resilient and adaptable.&#8221; According to this Review, estimates of our total impact on Nature suggest that we would require 1.6 Earths to maintain the world\u2019s current living standards. And further that it estimated that \u201cto protect 30% of the world&#8217;s land and ocean and manage these areas effectively by 2030 would require an average investment of $140 billion annually.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tnoc-festival.com\/wp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"attachment noopener wp-att-46726 noreferrer\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-46726\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/tnoc_logo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"259\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/tnoc_logo.jpg 401w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/tnoc_logo-77x100.jpg 77w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a>Taking the conversation to TNOC Festival 2021<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As we contemplate the path to recovery and redesign of cities, it is crucial that we consider this from a lens that recognizes planetary boundaries, where nature is part of the solution, and issues of inequality and injustice are addressed. There is thus an increasing need for resource mobilization, not only to meet many urban, social and economic demands, but importantly to ensure that the ecosystems and natural resources on which many of these demands depend, are managed sustainably. It is widely recognized that resource mobilization plays an integral part in achieving many of the current global objectives, such as the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework, Sustainable Development Goals and many others.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Reshaping our future through CitiesWithNature\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Q5UCv4xPIYI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Resource Mobilization Webinar - 31 March 2021\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GRLvwLCgaL4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>ICLEI&#8217;s Global City Biodiversity Center (CBC) has advocated for increased resource mobilisation and investment in green and blue infrastructure, and the restoration of ecosystem services, at the city and regional scale as part of its\u00a0ongoing biodiversity advocacy roadmap towards the 15<sup>th<\/sup> Conference of Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.citieswithnature.org\/\">Cities with Nature<\/a> initiative forms part of a collaborative action between ICLEI (on behalf of the Global Taskforce of Local and Regional Governments), the European Committee of the Regions, Regions for Sustainable Development, Advisory Committee for Subnational Governments (coordinated by Regions4 Sustainable Development and the Government of Quebec), the Group of Leading Subnational Governments toward Aichi Biodiversity Targets, and the Scottish Government.<\/p>\n<p>To take the conversation about investment for redesigning cities where nature is part of the solution and results in no net harm to biodiversity, to a wider audience, ICLEI organized and hosted a virtual seed session at TNOC Festival 2021. The topic of this session, &#8220;Financing greener cities for the future we want&#8221;, was particularly relevant given the findings of the Dasgupta Review on The Economics of Biodiversity released in February 2021. The need for engaging investors and city administrators on the topic of investment is increasingly urgent, as city governments are facing mounting pressures to address the triple biodiversity, climate and health crises, while their revenue sources are decreasing alarmingly due to the knock-on effects of the ongoing pandemic on the economy and social fabric at both urban and national scales.<\/p>\n<p>The &#8220;Financing greener cities for the future we want&#8221; session took the form of a round table discussion, which finance experts, investors and city representatives together to engage and share insights on innovative finance approaches, products and solutions that cities could access to accelerate investment and transition in green and blue infrastructure, a green recovery, and green procurement, in order to restore ecosystems and their contribution to people and protect biodiversity. It provided the opportunity for selected Global South cities, Campinas in Brazil, Kochi in India, to pitch a project concept from their respective cities, to the panel of experts and explore potential biodiversity finance avenues, technical assistance and innovative solutions.<\/p>\n<p>The session was moderated by Ms Kimberley Pope, Project and Community Lead, Nature Action Agenda, at the World Economic Forum and the panel of experts were Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Audras, Head of the Urban Development, Planning and Housing Department at the Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9velopement (AFD); Alexander Wiese, Managing Director, Co-Head Europe at Bankers without Boundaries (BWB); and Aloke Barnwal, Senior Climate Change Specialist, Programs Unit and Coordinator of the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) Sustainable Cities Impact Program (SCIP). The city pitches were presented by Gabriel Dias Mangolini Neves, Environmental Engineer at in the Green, Environment and Sustainable Development Secretariat of the City of Campinas; and Dr C Rajan, Director: Centre for Heritage, Environment and Development (C-HED), at Kochi Municipal Corporation.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46712\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46712\" style=\"width: 839px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46712 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ecocity.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"839\" height=\"560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ecocity.jpg 839w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/ecocity-100x67.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46712\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ecological City, one of many imaginative designs by this Paris architect. Image: Vincent Callibaut<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The panel touched on the following issues: the most important factors that financing institutions and investors look for when considering projects and the experts shared their insights and advice on what changes could be needed to make the two cities\u2019 pitch more attractive from an investment\/financing perspective. The panelists also shared information on financing and investment mechanisms and options that are available and would be best suited to the two city pitches. There was also discussion on the key success factors and risk management mechanisms that need to be in place for investors to consider investing in projects. Finally, the panelists and city experts discussed the capacities that cities need to access finance and design innovative sustainability solutions; and identified some of the available mechanisms and options that support cities in building these capacities.<\/p>\n<p>To conclude, building greener cities for a more sustainable future is possible, but requires action and redirecting investment by both the public and private sectors. Cities, in particular, will benefit from an enabling investment environment that facilitates access to financing and investment mechanisms and provides effective financing solutions at all levels. Resource mobilization is a key policy issue in the consultations and negotiations on the post-2020 global biodiversity framework (GBF), and is viewed as integral to ensuring its effective implementation. A panel of experts was appointed under Decision 14\/22 of the 14<sup>th<\/sup> Conference of Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), to explore, consider and make recommendations on various aspects of<a href=\"https:\/\/4post2020bd.net\/resources\/instilling-biodiversity-into-budgets-and-financial-schemes-how-to-shift-towards-a-greener-system\/\"> resource mobilization for inclusion in the post-2020 GBF<\/a>. The reports and recommendation of the panel of experts will be deliberated during the informal and formal sessions of the Subsidiary Body on Implementation (SBI). Cities and regions\u2019 ambitions concerning resource mobilisation are reflected in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/publications\/edinburgh-declaration-on-post-2020-biodiversity-framework\/pages\/commitment-for-the-post-2020-global-biodiversity-framework\/\">Edinburgh Declaration on the post-2020 GBF<\/a>. If we can mobilize the financial resources needed to support the transition to a greener future that promotes nature positive development in cities, we will not only create new opportunities for business and new jobs for all, but also strengthen cities\u2019 connection to nature for a more sustainable planet, and for the future we want.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ingrid Coetzee and Elizabeth Chouraki\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\nCape Town and Paris<\/p>\n<p>On <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Nature of Cities<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"addon_bios\">     <div class=\"wp-biographia-container-around\">\n        <div class=\"wp-biographia-pic\"><img alt='Elisabeth Chouraki' src='https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chouraki-125x125.webp' srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Chouraki-250x250.webp 2x\" class='avatar avatar-125 photo wp-biographia-avatar' height='125' width='125' \/><\/div>\n        <div class=\"wp-biographia-text\">\n            <h3>about the writer<br>\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/author\/elisabethchouraki\/\">Elisabeth Chouraki<\/a>\n            <\/h3>\n            <p>Elisabeth Chouraki coordinates the Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework - EU support project implemented by Expertise France and funded by the European Union.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n     <\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-46711\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/logos_post2020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"729\" height=\"105\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/logos_post2020.jpg 733w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/logos_post2020-100x14.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-46713\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-1200x467.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"286\" height=\"111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-1200x467.png 1200w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-1400x545.png 1400w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-1536x597.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-2048x797.png 2048w, https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/iclei-cbc-final-high-1-100x39.png 100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 286px) 100vw, 286px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0\u201cMobilizing Investors to Protect Climate, Land and Biodiversity &#8211; Summary of Three Key Events on Natural Capital Investing November 2019, and outlook 2020\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> OECD, 2020, The territorial impact of COVID-19: Managing the crisis across levels of government<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Read this in English.) Pour des infrastructures respectueuses de la nature Le monde s&#8217;urbanise rapidement, exposant nos ressources naturelles \u00e0 une pression croissante pour r\u00e9pondre aux demandes en infrastructures, terres, eau, nourriture et autres besoins vitaux. Selon le d\u00e9partement des affaires \u00e9conomiques et sociales des Nations unies (UN DESA), 55 % de la population mondiale [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":966,"featured_media":46715,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1104,273,938,297,1285,1180],"tags":[81,401,55,1105,25,65],"coauthors":[1298,1026],"class_list":["post-46717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africa","category-essay","category-europe","category-essay-science-and-tools","category-tnoc-festival","category-tnoc-francophone","tag-africa","tag-biodiversity","tag-conservation","tag-covid","tag-europe","tag-policy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/966"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46717"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46717\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46717"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=46717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}