{"id":8366,"date":"2015-01-28T13:00:37","date_gmt":"2015-01-28T18:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/?p=8366"},"modified":"2015-06-02T12:09:44","modified_gmt":"2015-06-02T16:09:44","slug":"growing-place-revisited-after-12-years-childrens-activity-in-the-school-biotope-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/2015\/01\/28\/growing-place-revisited-after-12-years-childrens-activity-in-the-school-biotope-project\/","title":{"rendered":"“Growing Place\u201d Revisited: After 12 Years, Children\u2019s Activity in the School Biotope Project"},"content":{"rendered":"

There has been a rapid decrease in the amount of open or natural space in Japan in recent years, particularly in urban areas due to the development of housing. Preserving these areas as wildlife habitats and spaces where children can play is a very important issue nowadays.<\/p>\n

I wrote about the creation of a school biotope project in a previous\u00a0article<\/a>, a habitat\u00a0that has gradually changed over\u00a012 years, adding, for example, vegetation, fish species, insects and so on. With the succession of the vegetation, children\u2019s activity is also gradually changing. It is very interesting to observe how children use the place.<\/p>\n

\"One
An urban landscape in Japan: Kitakyushu City<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"A
A typical children\u2019s playground in Japan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In Japan, many school biotopes have been created. Some of them have been successful but also we have many failed examples. The main reasons for such failures\u00a0include:<\/p>\n

1) The children are not allowed to approach the biotope because of the emphasis on the protection of the ecosystem.<\/p>\n

2) Failure by the planners to consider the regional ecosystem, which has led to the destruction of that ecosystem.<\/p>\n

3) The biotope is too small to have an ecological function.<\/p>\n

4) The children and teachers of a school do not use the biotope because it was planned and constructed by the local council without their participation.<\/p>\n

Because of these issues, we tried to design a new type of school garden: a\u00a0design for a garden in the grounds of a primary school in Fukuoka City in the south of Japan, begun in 2002 and continuing to 2014. The aim of this project is to create an area for children’s play and ecological education that can simultaneously form part of an ecological network in an urban area.<\/p>\n

\"1\/100
1\/100 model of the project. Credit: Keitaro ITO lab<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"FIG4\"
The schoolyard, before and after construction of the biotope. Photo: Keitaro Ito<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

After the biotope’s construction, we conducted\u00a0a survey of\u00a0children\u2019s activity. The children have learned about the existence of various ecosystems by playing in the biotope and through their participation in the workshops during the planning of it. Their teachers and a number of local residents have also been active in this process, with the result that their interest in the biotope remains strong due to the fact that they actively participated in the development of an accessible environment and have been able to propose ideas for its future management.<\/p>\n

The school garden has gradually changed into a biotope over\u00a012 years and the ecosystem contained in it has become more complex every year. It is important that this type of school biotope can contribute to the ecological network in the city. However, we recognize that this biotope is still an area of artificially created nature in an urban area and it remains to be seen whether the popularity of the school biotope will just be a passing phase or whether it will become established as a means of returning a degree of nature to urban areas in Japan.<\/p>\n

\"FIG5\"
Creating landscape element together with children and university students. The methods were taught by Susumu Harada, an artisan of traditional architectural skills. Photo: Keitaro Ito.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Cutting
Cutting and collecting the grass\uff08Typha latifolia L.\uff09 to manage the biotope. Photo” Keitaro Ito<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
\"Finding
Finding insects in the biotope. Photo: Keitaro Ito<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Landscapes and nature environments provide\u00a0habitats for play and learning, as this project has demonstrated. Normally, a lack of outdoor space in which to play, fear of violence in public spaces, the longer working hours of parents and the artificial nature of most playgrounds have helped create the present\u2010day situation in which young children have gradually lost contact with nature.<\/p>\n

Present\u2010day planners and landscape designers should consider ‘landscape’ as an ‘Omniscape’ (Arakawa, 1999, Ito et al. 2010). It is much very\u00a0important to think of landscape planning as a learnscape’, embracing not only the joy of seeing, but inspiring\u00a0a more holistic way of using body and senses for learning. Our project has\u00a0illustrated the importance of introducing natural environments into urban schoolyards, thus enriching the learning environment for the children. Hopefully, this project will serve as an example for the future planning and development of children\u2019s environments.<\/p>\n

Keitaro\u00a0Ito<\/strong>
\nFukuoka<\/p>\n

On The Nature of Cities<\/a><\/p>\n

***<\/p>\n

References<\/strong><\/p>\n

Keitaro ITO, Ingunn Fjortoft, Tohru Manabe, Mahito Kamada 2014.\u00a0Landscape Design for Urban Biodiversity and ecological education in Japan: Approach from Process Planning and Multifunctional Landscape Planning, Springer<\/a><\/p>\n

Ito K., Fjortoft, I., Manabe, T., Masuda, K., Kamada, M. and Fujuwara, K. 2010. Landscape design and children\u2019s participation in a Japanese primary school\u2014Planning process of school biotope for 5 years. Urban Biodiversity and Design.Consrevation Science and Practice Series. Blackwell Academic Publishing, Oxford<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There has been a rapid decrease in the amount of open or natural space in Japan in recent years, particularly in urban areas due to the development of housing. Preserving these areas as wildlife habitats and spaces where children can play is a very important issue nowadays. I wrote about the creation of a school […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":8462,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[273,298,299],"tags":[73,184,28,34,404],"coauthors":[152],"class_list":["post-8366","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essay","category-essay-people-and-communitites","category-essay-place-and-design","tag-biophilia","tag-children","tag-design","tag-experiencing-nature","tag-value"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8366","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/70"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8366"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8366\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8366"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8366"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8366"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thenatureofcities.com\/TNOC\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=8366"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}